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To reach higher data rates in UMTS (Universal Mobile Terrestrial System) a new access technology WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) was developed. The first step towards an IP based packet switched (green in figure 1) solution was taken with the evolution of GSM to GPRS, using the same air interface and access method, TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access). GSM was developed to carry real time services, in a circuit switched manner (blue in figure 1), with data services only possible over a circuit switched modem connection, with very low data rates. The main requirements for the new access network are high spectral efficiency, high peak data rates, short round trip time as well as flexibility in frequency and bandwidth.įigure 1.1: Network Solutions from GSM to LTE LTE (Long Term Evolution) or the E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Access Network), introduced in 3GPP R8, is the access part of the Evolved Packet System (EPS). User demand for higher data rates and quality of serviceĬontinued demand for cost reduction (CAPEX and OPEX) Low complexityĪvoid unnecessary fragmentation of technologies for paired and unpaired band operation Need to ensure the continuity of competitiveness of the 3G system for the future LTE specifications are very stable, with the added benefit of enhancements having been introduced in all subsequent 3GPP Releases. Release 8 was frozen in December 2008 and this has been the basis for the first wave of LTE equipment. LTE (both radio and core network evolution) is now on the market.
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